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Effects of climate change on wine production
Climate change in recent times has become a major issue and talking point globally because of its effects on the environment and the repercussions this could be having or possibly have.〔(''Climate change will threaten wine production, study shows'' ) 8 April 2013 ''The Guardian''〕〔(''Wine and Climate Change'' ) April 15, 2013 New York Times〕〔(''Climate change, wine, and conservation'' ) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America〕 The effects of climate change on viticulture (wine production) are described in this article.
== Introduction ==
Grapevines (''Vitis vinifera'') are very responsive to their surrounding environment with a seasonal variation in yield of 32.5%.〔 Climate is one of the key controlling factors in grape and wine production,〔 affecting the suitability of certain grape varieties to a particular region as well as the type and quality of the wine produced.〔〔 Wine composition is largely dependent on the mesoclimate and the microclimate and this means that for high quality wines to be produced, a climate-soil-variety equilibrium has to be maintained. The interaction between climate-soil-variety will in some cases come under threat from the effects of climate change. Identification of genes underlying phenological variation in grape may help to maintain consistent yield of particular varieties in future climatic conditions.〔
Climate data of the last 100 years has shown that global temperatures are gradually beginning to rise with a linear warming trend of 0.74 ⁰C per hundred years〔 and this is anticipated to affect viticulture all over the world having both positive and negative effects on the various wine regions of the world.〔 Despite climate change uncertainties,〔 the gradual temperature rise is projected to continue in the future. This has meant growers will have to adapt to climate change using various mitigation strategies.〔
Adding to rising temperatures is the increase in carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration that is expected to continue to increase and have an effect on agroclimatic conditions. Shifts in the amount of, distribution, and seasonality of rainfall are also anticipated, as well as increases in surface level of ultraviolet UV-B radiation due to ozone layer depletion.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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